Which ethnic groups claimed to have discovered the new world Essay

Which ethnic groups claimed to have discovered the new world - Essay Example Columbus is given credit probably because it was a well-communicated, planned and documented voyage. These may not have been possible for the earlier explorers. There are not enough records that add substance to their claim and except the Phoenicians who documented their travels in useful inscriptions; very few left any written records for their efforts. In 1872, on a plantation in Brazil, a stone, covered with strange carvings, was found in a field. The carvings were later identified as Phoenician writing, telling of a ship blown off course and landing in a strange, new land, some 2500 years earlier, after returning from a trip to the Middle East. The Phoenicians were well known as enthusiastic sailors and were one of the foremost to document their travels. They have been known to travel around the coast of Africa to the Arab lands. Also, historians agree that, in 1872, of Phoenician writing was not of a state to which the stone could have been a fake. The term Phoenician refers to the inhabitants of the ancient cities of Tyre and Sidon and also included the Israelite tribes of Dan, Asher and Zebulon who resided near these cities along the east Mediterranean shore. These people also traded frequently along the northern African and Spanish coasts as well as the British Isles and navigated the Straits of Gibraltar called the "Pillars of Hercules". Diodorus of Sicily wrote, in the first century BCE, that the Phoenicians, while sailing along the west coast of Africa, were blown off course into the ocean by a "furious storm" and after many days being blown about, "arrived at the island and so they were the first to discover it." The only places, west of Europe that has navigable rivers are Cuba, Haiti and North and South America. (Pohl, 21). Also the early explorers tended to call even extremely large landmasses islands. (Boland, 28). As long ago as 1913, author T. C. Johnston in his book "Did The Phoenicians Discover America" claimed that the American continent was discovered and settled by Phoenicians and Hebrews who kept in contact with the Middle East for some three hundred years. He claimed that North America was the Biblical Ophir, visited by the fleets of King Solomon, and he outlined some twenty-six points of comparison between the civilization of the Eastern Mediterranean homelands of the Phoenicians and Hebrews and the Mayan, Inca and Aztec civilizations in the New World. More research by Professor Barry Fells points to Punic or Phoenician inscriptions found in New England, Ohio and West Virginia, and also the discovery of coinage and trade goods in the United States which had come from the Phoenician city of Carthage in North Africa. Numerous archaeological vestiges of Phoenician settlement have been found all the way down the Atlantic coast of Morocco dating back 3,000 years. A tablet found in New Mexico is inscribed in what appears to be early Hebrew in a Phoenician alphabet of a form used about 1000 B.C.E. in the eastern Mediterranea

Managing in a Mixed Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing in a Mixed Economy - Essay Example Washington square which is a Royal institution of the Chattered Surveyors was also established in 2007 and is regarded as the best commercial project in the England region (Byers, 1998). The high quality iron ore that is phosphorus free in Cumbria south of Workington is the main source of income in the region. It is the largest steel production area and therefore attracts a lot construction companies, car assembly and many types of firms engaging in steel works. Examples of these firms are the Disington Engineering company (DEC) and the British Steel Corporation (BSC). Due to the heavy investment in the region, the government must put in some resources to create a peaceful investment field. The government investment is in line with the nature of mixed economy. Mixed economy refers to an economic system whereby the state engages itself to the economic activities in collaboration with the private sector. State functions are always reflected by planning of the economy while the private sector is characterized by market economies. This arises because the private sector works for the sole purpose of accruing profit. On the other hand, the state or public sector is not necessarily concerned by profit but by protecting her citizens by providing a platform for the operation such as infrastructure, security and other unprofitable services. The English government has hugely invested her resources to the town in order to give the investors some specific benefits so that they can continue to invest in the highly resourceful town. One major form of public investment is the establishment of a good security system popularly referred to as the Workington police station. The police station offers security not only to the iron and steel manufacturing companies but also the other subsidiary companies like banks, hotels and even the families and workers. For the police to offer efficient