Unalienable Rights of Humankind Essay

Unalienable Rights of Humankind Essay What are unalienable rights? How to define unalienable rights? Unalienable rights are those which God gave to man at the Creation, once and for all. By definition, since God granted such rights, governments could not take them away. In the United States of America, this fundamental truth is recognized and enshrined in our nations birth certificate, the Declaration of Independence: [All] men are created equal[and] are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Unalienable rights belong to each person by virtue of the fact that man is made in God’s image, and is therefore endowed with certain attributes, powers, freedoms, and legal protections as part of his essence. These rights are thus inseparable from each person individually and from the human race in general. They are a gift from the Creator and it is impossible for government to alter or nullify mankind’s divine inheritance. An exhaustive list of the unalienable rights possessed by man would probably fill several volumes. However, at a minimum they include the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In general, the courts have not decided which rights are unalienable and which are not. Legitimate Exceptions of unalienable rights Despite the sacred nature of unalienable rights, there are circumstances when certain unalienable rights (one or more of them) can be legitimately abridged or violated. Under the Constitution of the United States and American legal tradition, there are few situations when the unalienable rights of a person, or the nation at large, may be legitimately infringed or suspended: Due process Certain rights may be temporarily or permanently suspended through a court trial, or due process. If someone has committed a theft, for example, he may be found guilty by a jury of his peers, incarcerated, and thus lose a great deal of his personal freedom for a certain period of time. Injunctions A court may also issue an injunction to temporarily suspend a person’s right to conduct certain activities. However, an injunction seeks only to block activities which may be harmful to others, or which may be found illegal at a subsequent trial. Nature, scope and limits The concept of unalienable rights draws controversy over how they are identified and enforced. While unalienable rights should in theory be protected from the opinions of the majority, as a practical matter, if there is a consensus in society, legislation and litigation will result in the scope and limits of a right being set in a manner that does not reflect the opinions of a minority. Because consensus evolves over time, the latitude that people have to enjoy what they believe are unalienable rights can shift as well. There is a centuries-old debate, still unresolved question: are our rights ‘inalienable’ or ‘unalienable’? Lets define the differences between those two. Unalienable versus Inalienable rights English has changed since the founders of the United States used unalienable in the signed final draft of their 1776 Declaration of Independence (some earlier drafts and later copies have inalienable). It is stated that Unalienable: incapable of being alienated, that is, sold and transferred. (Blacks Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition, page 1523.) You can not surrender, sell or transfer unalienable rights, they are a gift from the creator to the individual and can not under any circumstances be surrendered or taken. All individuals have unalienable rights. It is stated that Inalienable rights are the rights which are not capable of being surrendered or transferred without the consent of the one possessing such rights. (Morrison v. State, Mo. App., 252 S.W.2d 97, 101.) You can surrender, sell or transfer inalienable rights if you consent either actually or constructively. Inalienable rights are not inherent in man and can be alienated by government. Persons have inalienable rights. Most state constitutions recognize only inalienable rights. However the other sources say that the words mean the same thing. Inalienable has gained a stronger foothold in modern times. Inalienable right is now the preferred form. Unalienable mainly appears in quotes of or references to the Declaration. Inalienable prevails everywhere else. Another similarities can be found while considering 2 following terms. Human rights versus Unalienable rights Human rights is often used interchangeably with the term unalienable rights. The difference between these two concepts, however, is that unalienable rights are those authored by God. They are thus both irrevocable and nearly unlimited in scope. Man’s role is simply to discover and protect them. The common idea stems from the belief that the rights are inherent in all mankind. People from across the spectrum of political thought can protect these rights whether they believe in God or moral philosophy. In the 20th century, secular concepts of human rights proliferated: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the American Convention on Human Rights; the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights; the European Convention of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols and many more. With so many documents and conventions called for governing unalienable rights we can definitely say that they are fundamental parts of humanity, the basis for moral interactions between people and are irrevocable. To sum up, the unalienable rights are given to live a life of purpose and meaning, and to pass on those purposes and those meanings to subsequent generations. Understanding your Unalienable Rights will give you a reason to live, a gratefulness to your Creator, and true self-esteem to pursuit the Happiness!

What Would Two Political Philosophers Essay - 1656 Words

In the weeks following the 2016 United States Presidential election, much of the joy and outrage surrounding President elect Donald Trump has subsided. People of varying ages, races and socioeconomic classes have expressed in some form or another some sort of emotion regarding the status of the United States and where it will be in 2020. What would two political philosophers from history say? The best way to find out how Niccolà ³ Machiavelli and Jean Jean-Jacques Rousseau would feel about the president elect would be to compare Donald Trump to their respective ideals, the prince and the general will. Machiavelli would certainly have mixed feelings regarding Donald Trump. His prince is supposed to do whatever it takes to gain power and maintain it. Though Trump has gained and will retain power, barring any impeachable offenses, for the next four years, he has not done it in a way Machiavelli would approve of. Machiavelli emphasizes the importance of the prince to not be hated in cha pter nineteen when he says â€Å"the prince should think about avoiding those things which make him hated and despised; and when he has avoided this, he will have carried out his duties and will find no danger whatsoever in all other vices† (136). Though the vices he mentions are in reference to the other facets of being a successful leader, Donald Trump has literally found himself in physical danger as a result of his inability to refrain from being hated. At a rally in Nevada in November, forShow MoreRelatedComing Back to Platos Cave1125 Words   |  5 Pageshow the philosopher, as the only person who exits the cave in the allegory, is required to re enter the cave after having exited and come into direct contact with true reality. 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Certainly, Rorty and Strauss share a degree of commonality in their critique of the EnlightenmentRead MoreAn Analysis Of Euripides The Suppliants 1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Suppliants, Euripides wrote, â€Å"The people cannot form proper judgements and therefore cannot rightly direct a state†. Euripides is living in the midst of democracy in Athens; therefore his quote is a critique of what is happening around him. In his quote, he is taking an anti-democratic stance towards the question of who is fit to rule. Euripides believes only one or few people should rule a state, as not all a re qualified or have the ‘proper judgement’ to do so. However, people do rule theRead MoreKarl Marx And Manifesto Comparison Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pageswere to question anything we would just be blind sheep who follow whatever they are told. Many philosophers challenge the norms in a hope to make things better. Karl Marx and Buddha were very influential people in the world of Philosophy and are some of the pioneers of challenging the routine and normal perception of things and ideas. They had their own ideas that helped shaped the practices and things that people do today. They both can be very different in how they would answer basic questions regardingRead MorePolitical Philosophy And The Role It Plays Today1598 Words   |  7 PagesWESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT What is Political Philosophy? And the Role it Plays Today Savannah Dye 9/17/2015 â€Æ' â€Å"Political philosophy† and â€Å"political theory† are versatile, yet relative terms. Ironically, the most unifying aspect of both definitions is their fluidity. One of the only things that theorists concur on is the purpose of a political theory, which is to incite change to a certain degree. The intention of political theorists and political philosophers alike is to unveil the deeperRead MorePlato, Nietzsche, And Aristotles Theory Of Political Philosophy1670 Words   |  7 Pages Political theory is the study of concepts that allows for the analytical study of relationships between political institutions. Over the centuries, political theorists have established renditions of what political theory is. This essay will focus on Plato, Nietzsche, and Aristotle, and their works, which respectively define the concepts of the common good and the significance of philosophers to the welfare of the state, self-deceiving intellect and the power of authority over our intellectualRead MoreEssay on Explaining Political Philosophy744 Words   |  3 PagesExplaining Political Philosophy Political philosophy, or political theory, as it is also known, is about human condition, or, what humans are like. There are roughly four main kinds of political philosophy around today-Libertarianism, Socialism, Liberalism and Communitarianism. Political theory is an attempt to understand people, what we are like as individuals, what society and the state are like, and how we as humans, the state and society all interact with one and

The Morehead Cain Scholarship Essay Samples Cover Up

The Morehead Cain Scholarship Essay Samples Cover Up It's possible for you to summarize the entire essay. It is a chance to reflect your personality. The interview will take under 10 minutes, and you'll have the chance to do practice beforehand. This may not be your very first interview, but there's a great chance it is going to be your very first scholarship interview. You don't need to have your whole life mapped out for the following five decades, but the scholarship committee would like to realize that you've got some type of game program. Prove your worth there are lots of applicants that are hoping to have a scholarship. Remember that financial status isn't enough for you to be chosen as a scholar. I believe my study habits are extremely erratic (laughs). To show you exactly what I mean, here are a couple common essay prompts in addition to the boring responses judges will typically see AND an illustration of a very good answer. Applicants that are unavailable for on-campus interviews should contact ODS ahead of the endorsement application deadline to explore other interview choices. Make certain it is error-free one of the most typical explanations for why an application is rejected is as it is poorly written. Finding out how to compose a disclaimer is something which many folks need to learn. It is basically just a declaration, so you may just want to declare some or all of the following. Definitions of Morehead Cain Scholarship Essay Samples There are lots of organizations offering college scholarships companies that the men and women you know work at. You're now ahead of a great majority of your peers as soon as it comes to paying for your education. however, it shouldn't end there. To accomplish this greater enrollment goal, the 2 programs must grow together. ANYONE can get scholarships provided that they have the proper systems. This scholarship is intended to be put to use as a recruitment tool to draw elite candidates to our Master's programs. The award may be used to cover tuition expenses and living expenses. Make an application for all university scholarships utilizing the NinerScholars Portal. Introducing Morehead Cain Scholarship Essay Samples You are going to receive unique texts, which will be finished in time. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. How can you approach homework you don't like. You can trust the very best essay help online. You may verify this information on the web. You don't have to fret about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Especially if we're likely to sell something or offer a service using a webpage or blog. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. The quantity of the scholarship will be $4,500 each year. The winner will likewise be notified via email. Once he has been determined, the winner will be announced on the Danny and Drew website. The Morehead-Cain Foundation, house of the very first merit scholarship program in the usa, founded at the very first public university in the nation, is pleased to announce the most significant class in its history. NC Retail Merchant's Association Scholarship Students or students that have a parent that are employed by a retail company that's a member of the association are entitled to apply. Carolina's Food Industry Council Scholarship Students or students who have parents that are employed by means of a food service company that's a member of the council are entitled to apply. Do not neglect to add your achievements and career objectives. The range of years of scholarship support is dependent on the degree sought and the range of credits transferred. Many of them are ethnicity-based, which means that you will have to be a certain race or background in order to be eligible for the scholarship. Incorporate how this scholarship will provide you with a leg up on accomplishing your aims. Include the level, institution, and plan of study. Your list is only going to supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. It said your status was updated.

Ocean Manufacturing Free Essays

Barnes and Fischer, LLP| To:| Jane Hunter| From:| Susan Anderson, Elizabeth Lane, Chantal Murphy, Elizabeth Robinson| CC:| Dr. Cashell| Date:| 3/5/2013| Re:| Decision on Accepting Ocean Manufacturing as a client| | Recommendation: We recommend that we do not accept Ocean Manufacturing as a client. Justification:There were several issues we considered when making our recommendation:0Independence Violation0No experience in the industry0Can’t do consulting because SOX violation0Red flag with regard to contact to previous auditor0Significant Mgt. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Turnover0Unethical behavior (illegal gambling)03 years ago received qualified opinion0Aggressively accounting to meet creditor’s requirements0New accounting system0Audit trails not kept in tactFirst, we considered possible GAAS and GAAP violations. When reviewing Ocean Manufacturing’s background information, we found that a partner in the Salt Lake City office owns shares in a venture fund which holds a private equity investment in Ocean common stock. This is an independence violation which goes against the second general standard of GAAS. Another GAAS violation could be considered because we have a background in the healthcare service industry and Ocean Manufacturing is in the appliance industry. Since we do not have training in this field, we would be violating the first general standard of GAAS. There is also a SOX violation because Ocean Manufacturing would like us to do consulting and help prepare for the IPO. They also would like us to work with their IT program. This goes against the rules of GAAP. Since they are getting ready to offer an IPO we would be faced with higher litigation risk. Ocean Manufacturing also has various management issues that have raised red flags. The company has experienced high management turnover, which could be an indication of how the company is run on a daily basis. When the vice-president of Ocean was approached to discuss the previous auditor, he was hesitant to talk about the previous audit firm. If a potential client is even hesitant to allow engagement with prior auditor, this is not usually a good sign. Also, when the client background check was conducted, it was discovered that the vice-president of finance was involved with illegal gambling in the past, which could be an indication of his lack of ethics. This behavior could carry over to unethical behavior in the company since the leaders set the tone of the company which in turn reflects a higher litigation risk. There were also issues with the company’s financial statements. Three years ago Ocean Manufacturing received a qualified report from their auditor. Ocean’s previous auditor told us their problems with Ocean primarily related to management reflecting their revenue and accruals aggressively in order meet creditors’ requirements and the complexity of Ocean’s new IT system. When reviewing their control systems, we noticed a few issues. Ocean Manufacturing’s audit trails were not kept intact due to system failures and errors. There are also system failures when it comes to their new accounting system. There are problems in inventory tracking and cost accumulation, receivable billing and aging, payroll tax deductions, payables, and balance sheet account classifications. This could also explain some of the aspects of the financial statements that appeared to be off compared to previous years. Ocean’s accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses appear to be much greater than the changes in the year before. This could also be because of the aggressive accruing that was discussed earlier. In conclusion, we feel that the issues with auditing standards, management, and financial statements are good enough indications as to why we should not accept Ocean Manufacturing as a client. | How to cite Ocean Manufacturing, Papers

Marketing Simulation Essay Example

Marketing Simulation Essay Orange experienced a very successful campaign and grew more profitable over the six quarters throughtout the Market Simulation. In terms of market share in comparison to the competition, we placed fourth holding 12 percent market share. We initially targeted the Mercedes market, and later developed products aimed at the Traveler and Workhorse clientele. In terms of profitability, we suffered a loss moving from Quarter 1 to Quarter 2, which is typical of most early-stage companies. However, each quarter thereafter we were able to maintain a profit, ending with $18,270,122 gross profit and $15,232,910 operating profit. Our six computer models are the driving factor behind such success. These models include The Motherboard, Babyboard 2. 0, Horseboard, Superboard, Toddlerboard, and The Ponyboard. The Superboard, out of all the models, was our most profitable device with $6,303,840 in profit. We also embarked on a major expansion endeavor, spreading our brand originally from Chicago to Paris, Shanghai, and Sao Paulo. Our knowledgeable sales force comprised of 60 individuals, coupled with our extensive advertising and competitive pricing allowed Orange to rise to the top. By the end of the Marketplace Simulation, Orange was in first place for cumulative total performance, accounting for a variety of business disciplines that contributed to our success. While we placed third in the simulation in terms of overall financial performance, we placed first overall for market performance and marketing effectiveness. Brand Design: Over the course of the six quarters, we made varying adjustments to our brands in order to keep up with the ever-changing competitive markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Simulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Quarter 2, we decided to enter the Mercedes market with The Motherboard computer. Specifically, this brand was designed to be the top of the line product that suited all the most important needs of Mercedes. Some of these needs included a fast and powerful processor, the ability to link with other computers, and a machine that is capable of multitasking (Fig 1. 1). We figured that starting out in the highest-end market would be beneficial to creating a good name for our company, and then we would be able to trickle down throughout the other brandstarget market segments. Our results from Quarter 2 showed that we were successful with The Motherboard, as we possessed 46 percent of the market share for Mercedes. In Quarter 3, we introduced The Babyboard to the Traveler market segment. We designed our product to match the best-suited brand for Traveler, which was SwifTech’s Quickfly. We were slow to expand from our original two brands, and lost some of our momentum with our Quarter 4 decisions. When we got our results, we realized that we needed to introduce more brands in order to keep up with the highly competitive markets. Quarter 5 marked our first Quarter quarter of rapid expansion. We introduced an additional product lines to Mercedes and Traveler, and created our first unit product for Workhorse. The new product lines for Mercedes and Traveler, The Superboard and The Toddlerboard respectively, were the higher quality versions of the The Motherboard and the The Babyboard. They , which were enhanced with all of the necessities and priced slightly higher than the original lines. Our initial brand for Workhorse was the The Horseboard, and it possessed the most basic features at the lowest price, to appeal to a consumer who was looking for something simple to use. We continued the trend of making two slightly varied products for each market segment in Quarter 6 when we introduced the The Ponyboard to supplement a slightly lower-end product than the The Horseboard. Sales Design Strategy: The sales design strategy of Orange was based primarily on the customer’s (Workhorse, Mercedes and Traveler) needs and wants. This consisted of the top eight preferences in either a laptop or a desktop, and the top six segments of applications. Additionally, each of the target market’s priceprices willing to pay is are shown in (Fig 1. 2). Initially, Orange felt it was most appropriate to choose to target the Mercedes market in Chicago. This allowed for The Motherboard to be produced, which led to 46 percent% domination in only the Mercedes market. Unfortunately overall Orange only had a 12 percent% overall market share, and felt it was necessary to expand into the portable laptop industry of Traveler with The Babyboard 2. 0, and opened a plant in Paris. By Quarter 3, the market size had reached 10,000 customers, which allowed for expansion in the cities of Shanghai and Sao Paulo, and the last target market of Workhorse. The generous rebates were attractive to the target audience, and allowed for the introduction of The Horseboard, The Superboard, and The Toddlerboard. By Quarter 6, a total of 60 sales people had been employed, and due to the overall low prices of the products, as well as the rebates, Orange gained a 2 percent% market share. Financial Performance: Throughout these first phases of our company, Orange has created a positive financial pattern. While we implemented an aggressive growth strategy and expanded our empire internationally, we kept our costs to a minimum. Naturally, we started Quarter 2 with a deficit due to startup costs. Unlike most companies, our costs were controlled however, and we were only behind by just over $12,000. As advertising has always been a core competency of our company, we spent a total of $109,471 developing and promoting our first batch of advertising. The leasing costs and office spaces were kept to a minimum in the first two quarters as well, since we were only operating out of one location. As we moved into the Quarter 3, we expanded internationally and our rental costs increased. However, our sales skyrocketed as well. We had begun to turn a profit, and were in the black by $1,155,328. In Quarter 4, we continued the pattern of financial growth, and maintained an increase in sales. Again, we were fiscally conservative and attempted to keep costs to a minimum (Fig. 1. 3). An important component of Orange’s financial history is the profitability of each brand we sell (Fig 1. 4). Our first line, The Motherboard, dedicated to the top-tier consumer, introduced us to the marketplace. We turned a profit of $922,344 throughout all six quarters. This is a modest percentage of our empire, yet it accounts for the beginnings of our financial gain. Our most profitable brand, The Superboard, generated $6,303,840. We invested a lot of time and capital in the creation of this line, and it paid off. The ToddlerbBoard, HorsebBoard, and PonybBoard were all profitable as well, with over one million made from each. Financially, only one of our lines performed less well than we had hoped. Our second line, The Babyboard 2. 0 only generated $452,198. Unfortunately, we were unable to sell a high number of these units, and the cost of goods sold was very high in comparison. In the end, each of our brands was able to generate profits. Our conservative fiscal policy allowed enough room for growth without spending more than we could handle. Finally, our revenues continued in a positive direction throughout every quarter, and we are confident the future will play out in the same way (Fig 1. 5). Competition: In the computer market, competition is very fierce. Thus, our company had to constantly position itself to be able to compete with the other companies in the market. To this end, we opened our first sales office in Chicago, hoping that our knowledge of the American marketplace would aid us in capturing a large initial market share. This plan was successful and put us near the top in overall performance in the computer market. From this point, our company decided that in order to continue our success, we needed to examine the competition to find out what we were doing right, what we were doing wrong, and how we could improve. This plan enabled us to better understand what customers wanted without having to invest heavily into producing prototypes, because we were able to utilize other companys products and sales numbers as though they were test products. Our first major interaction with our competition came in Quarter 4our fourth Quarter of operation. We introduced our The Babyboard product for the Traveler segment in our third QuarterQuarter 3 of operation. We made the mistake however, of not considering the Traveler segments desire for the computer to be fun to use. We discovered this issue by examining our competitors products and finding that all competitors that were more successful than us had included games with their product. Despite the increased costs of production and the cost of redesigning our brand, profits for the The Babyboard nearly doubled the next qQuarter (Fig. 1. 6). We also looked to our competition to determine our expansion plans. We realized immediately that with such fierce competition, the first mover advantage would be crucial. Thus, we expanded as quickly as possible by opening sales offices in every possible location. We also handled competition by expanding into every market segment, eventually offering a product for all segments of the market. Our company felt that this strategy would ensure that even if the competition would overtake us in one area, we would be able to survive on the strength of our other products while we figured out how to react. This strategy ultimately served our company well, as we were the top overall performer in the computer market. Conclusion The results of the past six quarters have clearly shown that Orange has met its primary goals and exceeded expectations, becoming one of the most consistent and profitable companies in the industry. By using a conservative fiscal policy as well as an aggressive and competitive expansionary policy, we have seen Orange grow and become a stable company that is definitely worthy of further investment. To put it into a more detailed perspective, the way we dealt with competition, brand management, sales strategy, and our financials, was what brought us to the top and remains the reason we plan on becoming even more profitable in the near future. By starting in the Mercedes market, we were able to establish ourselves early as a company that promotes high-end, top quality products. This made it extremely easy in the future to expand to the other brands such as Traveler and Workhorse, since we were already best known for our superior products, that we have constantly updated to satisfy the ever changing consumer demands. By using this strategy, we were eventually able to generate enough revenue to expand to four different areas of the world, making our brands even better known and reaping most of the first mover advantages. However, this idea alone was not sufficient to achieve the revenues that we experienced over the past few quarters. Additionally, we knew that for our company to be profitable, we needed to get our name out there. This is why our strategy was to hire a large amount of sales people in each country, and invest a large sum of our operating capital in advertisements that would appeal to the wants and needs of specific target markets. Though we have experienced relative success the past six quarters that have propelled us to the top of the industry in overall performance, we are owhere near complacent. With the competition so fierce and the landscape of the technological environment constantly changing, we feel that we are prepared to respond to any competitive and technological pressures that we might have to face in the future. Our company has been the model company in terms of consistency and financial growth and we feel as though our results so far have proven that Orange is a safe in vestment that will provide lucrative returns in the future. Figure 1. 1 Figure 1. 2 Figure 1. 3 Figure 1. 4 Fig 1. 5 Fig 1. 6

The Opportunities for Work-Based Experience in Sport Essays

The Opportunities for Work-Based Experience in Sport Essays The Opportunities for Work-Based Experience in Sport Essay The Opportunities for Work-Based Experience in Sport Essay The sectors The sport and recreation sector is one of the fastest growing sectors within the I-J economy. With high levels of investment planned over the next five years (in conjunction with the 2012 Olympic Games) there will be more and more employment opportunities for people looking for a career within the field of sport. Health and fitness The health and fitness sector is a huge growth area within the sector as a whole. With over 2,000 private health clubs within the I-J, and with provision within the public ND voluntary sectors, this is a key area of employment for people looking for employment within the sector. This area is likely to grow as health and fitness has come to the forefront of the Governments battle with the populations obesity levels. Employment within this area focuses on the supervision, leadership and management of exercise and physical activity. People working in this area need to be physically active and healthy, as a large portion of the Jobs available will require practical demonstrations. Key Jobs within this sector include: Sport and recreation The sport and recreation industry now makes up a large proportion of the UK economy. Around 5% of the Auks gross domestic product is contributed by this sector alone. To get a clearer picture of the size and popularity of sport in the I-J, here are some facts and figures:- The sports sector accounts for around 2% of all people that are in employment within the I-J (around 550,00 people) Football is the most popular sport in the UK with 48,600 clubs, with over three million participants There are 2,000 tennis clubs with over two million players 43,000 working in the private sector 36,600 working in public sector leisure centers There are 3,738 public sports and leisure centers within the UK 20% of all health clubs are based in London, but key growth areas are in the North, East Anglia and Wales (Source: www. Prospectus. AC. UK) Key Jobs within the sector include: Sports development officer Sports attendant PEE teacher Sports centre management Sports ground facility worker Sports promotion Sports coach Professional sports performer Outdoor education With the Government proposing the opening of the country to all, this sector is again likely to see a growth in terms of employment. The outdoors offers a huge range of activities that cater for the novice hill walker to the expert rock climber. Not only has the opening up of the countryside given rise to a growth in the sector, but there have also been developments where people are now more willing to undertake outdoor explorations and even expeditions. These activities need trained professionals, and the employment vacancies are growing. Key Jobs within the sector include: Climbing instructor Sailing instructor Outdoor pursuits manager Water-sports instructor Canoe instructor Sport and exercise science Careers within sport and exercise science are all about the application of scientific reminisces to the promotion, maintenance and enhancement of sport. Sports Science has a become a popular course to undertake at under-graduate and post-graduate level, and with the increased need for sport and exercise scientists, the demand for trained professionals has increased. Key Jobs within the sector include: Sport bio-mechanist Sport dietician Exercise physiologist Sport psychologist General sport medicine Clinical cardiac physiologist GAP referral exercise consultant Who are the providers of sport and recreation? People who take part in sport and recreation do so because a wide range of sources, services and facilities are provided by a multitude of different providers. These different providers are needed because a range of facilities are needed. These could be indoor and outdoor facilities, or dry land or water. The providers offer services to try and meet a diverse range of needs and demands from individuals, families, clubs, groups and community users. The providers of sport and recreation services come from within the public, voluntary and commercial sectors. The reason why all these institutions have become involved in sport and recreation is the increased pressure placed on the sector. Indeed, in some areas of the sport and recreation sector organizations have been forced to pool their capital and resources and enter into partnerships in order to successfully provide a service. The sectors do try and offer different services and provisions, but is clear that there is over-lap between the public, voluntary and commercial sectors. They have had to increasingly become dependent on each other. Although they have different viewpoints, objectives and approaches, if the learner is to gain a work-based experience it is important that the distinction between the providers is understood. C Public sector The public sector is a major provider of sport and recreation facilities and services within the I-J. Public sector sport and recreation organizations are largely funded by local government, and will also have a huge influence as to the level of service and facilities they provide. Local government provides a huge range of facilities to which the public has access, at no direct cost. These facilities include urban parks, playgrounds, libraries, picnic areas, nature trails, beeches and country parks. Local government also provides facilities such as swimming pools, playing fields, golf rouses, sports centers, athletic tracks, art centers and museums where there is a direct charge to the user. However, it should be understood that these charges are usually highly subsidized. The public sector is really important to the sports sector as a whole as it is usually the enabler between all the sectors, especially when a partnership is developed. Below is a list of facilities and provision that would be lost if the public sector ceased funding sport and recreation within the UK: There would be no urban recreational land (playing fields, football pitches, cricket pitches etc. As they would be sold for more profitable ventures like supermarkets and housing Swimming pools would be closed as these are not commercially viable. Only fun pools would be left which would be expensive to use and offer little benefit in terms health and fitness Sport and recreation facilities would only offer profitable sessions. These facilities would fill up with 5-a-side football sessions as these make money. Sports like badminton would be marginals Access to the countryside would be restricted as there would be no one to maintain the paths Museums and art allergies would close, or offer art displays that only the very rich could afford to see Arts like opera, ballet and the symphony would disappear as these are not commercially viable. They may gain sponsorship from large firms, but access to these events would be greatly restricted There is no danger of the public pulling out of sport and recreation. However it should be noted that funding for local government has fallen and sport and recreation departments have suffered. This short fall in provision is being taken up by the voluntary and private sectors. The diagram on the low gives some examples of the types of facilities. The private sector The major difference between a private organization and a public or voluntary organization is that the primary objective of the private organization is financial profit, or to make a return on its investment. The voluntary and public sectors do not seek to make a profit; they are established, built and run for other reasons. The private sector does not have any real interest in providing sport and leisure provision; it is only really interested in making that all important profit. It is trying to exploit peoples Willingness to pay for sport and recreation provision, by providing facilities that the voluntary and public sectors cannot afford to deliver. This usually means that private sector provision is provided for people at the higher end of financial earnings. Listed below are some strengths and weaknesses of the private sector: Straightforwardnesss can quickly identify and respond to peoples demands It focuses on the consumer There is quite a wide range of provision It is marketed in a more professional manner It provides mass provision and does not cater for specialist provision The market determines the prices Not everyone can afford it Minority groups will always get neglected Listed below are some examples of the types of provision the private sector provides: Pubs, bars and restaurants Betting and gambling Multi-leisure parks Night clubs Ten-pin bowling Cinemas Childrens indoor play centers Hotels Holiday centers Health and fitness centers Theme parks Professional sport Tourism Transport airlines The voluntary sector The voluntary sector within sport is actually quite difficult to define. It is self organized, informal and usually run by people who give up their spare time for free. All the sports clubs that operate within this sector have to raise their own sources of finance, but they can also receive government grants or lottery funding. Listed below are some examples of sport and leisure organizations that operate within the voluntary sector: Badminton clubs Amateur football clubs Village cricket teams The Boy Scouts The Girl Guides This sector is primarily concerned with grass roots participation, and rarely gets involved with elite or professional athletes. The vast majority of provision is provided through local community groups, providing access to sport for people in villages, owns and communities. Probably the most important thing about the voluntary sector is that it operates outside of politics, and operates its own agenda. Listed below are some of the benefits of the voluntary sector: Provides facilities and coaching for everyone within local communities Usually cheaper for people to participate in sport and leisure Can apply for grants and lottery funding Fills the gaps left behind by the public and private sectors Involves local people meeting the needs of their own community Partnerships It clear that the different providers have different aims and objectives, but as overspent funding falls the sectors are becoming increasingly dependent on each other to survive. Partnerships are becoming more and more popular within the sectors, usually between two or more providers, which usually lead to a result that could not be achieved otherwise. Dual use and Joint provision are Just a few examples of how partnerships have been used to provide sport and recreation. Dual use is seen as long-term, regular use of a facility by the general public. This facility is funded by the public sector however, the general public who use the facility are not the people for whom the facility was intended. The most common example of this is where schools let the public use their facilities when they are not being used by the school itself. Sports halls and swimming pools are common examples of this dual use policy. This type of provision usually involves some kind of liaison between the local government, local voluntary organizations and the local education authority. Joint provision is where two bodies have equally access to the facility. So for example a school has a sports hall, where the general public can use at any time of the day or night, then this is called Joint provision. Opportunities in health and fitness, sport and recreation and the outdoors There is a wide variety of possibilities in terms of getting a work-based experience in sport. This section will only give a brief overview of four different Jobs within all of the sectors. What careers are there out there? Health and fitness Physical activity development manager This post can cover a wide variety of roles responsibilities, but generally speaking it will involve the individual working in partnership with a range of organizations to develop the physical activity agenda within communities. One of the fundamental oleos of this post is to try and encourage organizations to adopt physical activity policies. Because of the wide scope of this post it means working with organizations in the health, sport, environment, transport, education, regeneration and many other areas to get the Job done. The overarching aim of this post is to try and encourage all organizations to build physical activity into their planning by emphasizing the potential gains for each individual organization. Tasks that may be part of the Job description include:- Securing funding Developing new projects Project management Research and evaluation Liaison between partners Requirements Potential employers look for people from a wide range of work experience, which includes sport, physical activity and sport development. A higher level qualification is desirable, but not always essential. Skills that a potential employee should have include: Staff management Being very organized Excellent communication Presentations skills Employers and pay This type of post, even within the field of sport, is relatively new so it is difficult to give a direct answer. Principal employers include Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts. The post may also include involvement with other agencies, such as the Countryside Commission (Walking Coordinator) and the British Heart Foundation (Cycling Coordinator). Sport England also has area of employment within the physical activity development area, including regional development posts. There is no definitive starting salary, but salaries usually vary between EYE,OHO EYE,OHO. Sport and recreation PEE teacher Depending on the courses and qualifications sports science learners complete, they can teach on a range of qualifications in primary, secondary schools or in further and higher education. A teacher who specializes in physical education (PEE) will concentrate on the delivery of both practical and theoretically based physical education lessons. These need to be tailor made to the individual learner, irrespective of ability. A PEE teacher needs to be aware that he/she will probably have extra curricular activities, such as managing the schools sports teams. He/she may also have other school responsibilities which may include class and tutoring duties. Schools will require that you have studied a relevant undergraduate course which enables the individual to teach (B De in Physical Education), or completed a relevant undergraduate course and also completed a relevant teaching qualification (PACE). Schools may also ask for some teaching experience, which should be gained through a placement on the undergraduate courses completed. Further education colleges will ask also for a teaching qualification (7301 Stage 1 as a minimum) but also be looking for sports coaching experience. The gaining of relevant sports coaching qualifications would also be of benefit. Universities would expect potential employees to have at least completed a post graduate qualification in Sport. They may not however, ask for a teaching qualification. Employers and pay Typical employers are: Primary schools Secondary schools Further education colleges Sixth form colleges Universities The starting salary for a newly qualified teacher is about EYE,OHO. A college lecturer within their first teaching post would expect to get in the region of EYE,OHO. A university lecturer within their first lecturing would get in the region of EYE,OHO. These salaries are dependent on qualifications and experience, but most of these professions offer progression through the main pay scale. Outdoor education The outdoor pursuits manager runs facilities that are used for the delivery of outdoor eased activities. These activities may include climbing, mountaineering, water-sports and orienteering. He/she will not only be responsible for the facility but also the management and supervision of staff. The outdoor pursuits manager has become more educational, particularly as schools, college and universities make use of these facilities. The manager will also have to supervise and manage users with specialized needs including people with special needs and even young offenders. The manager may also have to cater for corporate groups who would expect a high level of customer service. Requirements Potential employees will be looking for skills experience and qualifications within at least one outdoor pursuits area. The more qualifications that you have the better, as this will give you the ability to teach different areas of outdoor pursuits. You will need practical experience, along with a qualification from a recognized governing body. Applicants must also demonstrate that they have a strong interest in not only outdoor pursuits, but the countryside in general. Employers and pay Local authorities Private organizations At a local authority centre, a managers starting salary would be between EYE,OHO EYE,OHO. An instructor can earn anything from under EIA,OHO to around EYE,OHO, depending on experience and skills. Hours can be very long because of the residential nature of the work. You often need to be available 24 hours a day, so getting away from your work is not always possible. Sport and exercise science Sports dietician Sports dieticians usually go through the process of becoming qualified dieticians, and then undergo further training to make their knowledge and understanding more sports specific. The qualification is governed by the British Dietetic Association (BAD) ND sports dieticians have to undergo re-accreditation every five years. The vast majority of sport dieticians are self employed, and work on a consultancy basis. Only a few organizations will require the services of a sports dietician on a full-time basis. This allows the work of the sport dietician to be varied ranging from working with individuals and groups, and liaising with caterers for recipe development. Sport dieticians are using their knowledge and understanding to help sports performers in achieving their potential through modifying their diet and eating habits. Potential sport dieticians have to be accredited as sports dieticians after successfully completing a BAD validated course. The profession is highly regulated, and individuals will have to undertake a process of individual professional development to ensure their skills and knowledge are of the highest order. Employers and pay Opportunities do exist with sport governing bodies, professional sport organizations and sport institutions. Opportunities may also exist with catering firms and food companies. It is difficult to say how much a sports dietician will earn as most are self employed, and salaries will vary greatly. A sport dietician working for English Institute for Sport would earn in the region of EYE,OHO EYE,OHO. Considerations of a work- based experience in sport How to find a work placement Most learners who undertake a work-based experience usually have three underlining reasons to continue to their education, to use their work-based experience as a trial period or to gain management experience. Generally the learner will be responsible for searching, screening and selecting his/her work-based experience. It is important that when the searching for work-based experiences nominees the lecturer supervising the module takes an active and supportive role during the search and selection stage. The benefits and disadvantages of the learner being in charge of the entire procedure is printed below: Benefits of learner leading prestidigitations of learner leading the preadolescence is usually highly motivated It actually helps the learner prepare for employment Learner can conduct in-depth research on a particular employer they are interested in Learners can discuss their work-based experience with their peers Learners can conduct a skills matching procedure with potential employer Learners may be able o negotiate a better placement than the lecturer in charge Learners search for a work-based experience may be based on convenience The learner may miss potential opportunities The search may be influenced by friends and family Decision for work-based experience may be solely based on getting paid Learner may have unrealistic expectations Learners may not be able to Judge expenses accurately Where to look for a placement Probably the most difficult steps are actually starting to look for a work placement and more importantly knowing where to look. Here are some ideas as to where to tart looking:- Go to the careers office in the College. It will have a variety of books and leaflets on how to find a work placement. If that fails speak to the careers officer Newspapers all have Jobs sections. Local newspapers will have a Jobs paper on a certain night, as will national newspapers. Newspapers are also good for getting contact information about companies There are also dedicated websites designed to help people find a work placement. Log onto www. Prospects. AC. UK and follow the links to the National Council for Work Experience page Professional bodies are also a good source of work placements. They are likely to produce a Journal that usually advertises Jobs from the sector. For example the Institute for Sport and Recreation Management publishes The Recreation Journal which has Jobs in the sports sector Careers and Connections centers Job Centers Magazines Recruitment agencies Newsgroups Listed below are some websites that will help you find a work-based experience in the area that you are interest. Sport and Reconciliation and Fitness. Illustriousnesss. Co. UK www. Supplementation. Org. UK www. Sportsperson. Org. UK www. These. Co. UK www. ]biathlons. Com www. Leisure]bobs. Co. UK www. Springboards. Co. UK www. Lam. Co. UK www. Illustriousnesss. Co. UK www. Lasciviousness. Co. UK www. Peremptoriness]bobs. Com www. Circumferentially. Co. UK www. Devilishnesss. Co. UK www. Overreacting. O. UK www. Fitnesss. Co. UK Countryside educationalist and exercise conscience. Countryside-]bobs. Com www. Countryside]obsession. Co. UK www. Nature. Net/people/careers. HTML www. Blossomed. Co. UK/Jobs/Jobs. HTML www. Nonhereditary. Com/]g_active. HTML www. Cobweb. Org w ww. Bases. Org. UK/newsiest/bohemianism. Asp www. Bad. UK. Com www. Eddies. Org wry. Sport. Com www. Sewing. O. UK www. Involvement. Com mm. . Sported. Net www. Affective. Org. UK Considerations to take into account Location When deciding on where to do their work-based experience, learners need to take into account the location of a potential work-based experience. When deciding how far to travel they will have to consider the following:- Do you want to stay at home? This may limit your opportunities, but will be cheaper Moving away from home may increase your opportunities, but will also cost more money If you have to move do you have any friends or relatives you could stay with to keep the costs down? Do you have a car? If not what is the public transport like to get to the placement? The final decision will probably be based on what you want to achieve from the placement and how long you are willing to spend within the placement. Cost will be a factor, but look at the whole picture (benefits/weaknesses of the placement) before deciding. Hours It is important that learners are aware that the vast majority of people who work in the sport and recreation industry, work unsocial hours. The main reason for this is that the learner will have to work when other people are free, which is usually first hint in the morning, last thing at night and at the weekends. Learners should also be aware they maybe asked to work a Rota-system which will have an impact on their social life. It will also mean that they will have to plan their studies around their work commitments. Regulations Even though learners are only on their work placement for a limited amount of time, they are still protected by employment law. Nearly every part of the Job they undertake during the work-based experience will have rules and regulations that the learner must follow. The learner should expect from their employer: Some kind of contract/Job description that explains what is expected of them, and what is entitled to them The learner should be given some idea of working hours If there is a problem during the placement, the learner should inform their tutor immediately The learners should be aware that because they are under 18, they have additional regulations that they have to follow due to their age. These include: If the learner is over 18 they only have to work a maximum of a 48-hour working week. If the learner is under 18, still at school and working there are some legal restrictions on their hours. They are not allowed to: -Work before am or after pm Work for more than two hours on a school day or for more than one hour before school Work for more than eight hours on Saturdays or holidays, or two hours on Sundays Work for more than 35 hours a week during the holidays Also the employer is bound by Equal Opportunity legislation. Again if the learner feels that the employer is acting in an inappropriate manner, he/she should inform his/her tutor immediately. It doesnt matter what your sex, race, religion, sexual orientation or disability is, the employer should always treat you equally and with aspect. Some of the facts of the legislation include: All employers have to operate an equal opportunities policy its the law. Equal opportunities start with recruitment and cover the treatment of all employees Everyone has the same rights, regardless of gender, ethnic and religious background, sexuality and disability Health and safety There are two parts to the health and safety process that learners need to be aware of. Firstly the College has a duty to the learner and should ensure that he/she is not in a work-based experience that may expose him/her to health and safety risks. The second part of the health and safety process lies with employers. They are bound under health and safety law to conduct a risk assessment of the learner within the new work place. They will have to look at the work the learner will be undertaking, and weigh up whether they have enough safety precautions in place, or they should do more to prevent harm. The employer will need to take into account the following: The placement provider must comply with the Health and Safety at Work Act The employer needs to take into account that the learner is likely to be inexperienced, unaware of health and safety risks and physically or mentally immature Put in place measures to control the risks which will reduce them entirely, or reduce them to the lowest possible level. The employer needs to keep a record of the risk assessment and record the control measures put in place The placement provider must comply with any restrictions or prohibitions on work for young people One of the learners key responsibilities during their placement is their duties under health and safety. The learners duties include: To take reasonable care of their own health and safety To take reasonable care not to put other people fellow employees and members of the public at risk by what they do or dont do in the course of their work To co- operate with their employer, making sure they get proper training Not to interfere with or misuse anything thats been provided for their health, safety or welfare To report any injuries, strains or illnesses they suffer as a result of doing their Job To tell their employer if something happens that might affect their ability to work Roles and responsibilities The roles and responsibilities of the learners work based experience, as outlined on heir Job description, will set out their key tasks and services they will have to perform whilst they are undertaking the work based experience.

When It Was Legal to Mail a Baby

When It Was Legal to Mail a Baby Once-upon-a-time, it was legal to mail a baby in the United States. It happened more than once and by all accounts, the mailed tots arrived no worse for wear. Yes, baby mail was a real thing. On January 1, 1913, the then Cabinet-level U.S. Post Office Department - now the U.S. Postal Service  - first started delivering packages. Americans instantly fell in love with the new service and were soon mailing each other all sorts of items, like parasols, pitchforks and, yes, babies. Smithsonian Confirms Birth of Baby Mail As documented in the article, â€Å"Very Special Deliveries,† by curator of the Smithsonian’s National Postal Museum Nancy Pope, several children, including one â€Å"14-pound baby† were stamped, mailed and dutifully delivered by the U.S. Post Office between 1914 and 1915. The practice, noted Pope, became affectionately known by letter carriers of the day as baby mail. According to Pope, with  postal regulations, being few and far between in 1913, they failed to specify exactly â€Å"what† could and could not be mailed via the still very new parcel post service. So in mid-January 1913, an unnamed baby boy in Batavia, Ohio was delivered by a Rural Free Delivery carrier to its grandmother about a mile away. â€Å"The boy’s parents paid 15-cents for the stamps and even insured their son for $50,† wrote Pope. Despite a â€Å"no humans† declaration by the Postmaster General, at least five more children were officially mailed and delivered between 1914 and 1915. Baby Mail Often Got Very Special Handling If the very idea of mailing babies sounds sort of reckless to you,  don’t worry. Long before the then-Post Office Department had created its â€Å"special handling† guidelines for packages, children delivered via â€Å"baby-mail† got it anyway. According to Pope, the children were â€Å"mailed† by traveling with trusted postal workers, often designated by the child’s parents. And fortunately, there are no heartbreaking cases of babies being lost in transit or stamped â€Å"Return to Sender† on record. The longest trip taken by a â€Å"mailed† child took place in 1915  when a six-year-old girl traveled from her mother’s home in Pensacola, Florida, to her father’s home in Christiansburg, Virginia. According to Pope, the nearly 50-pound little girl made the 721-mile trip on a mail train for just 15 cents in parcel post stamps. According to the Smithsonian, its â€Å"baby mail† episode pointed out Postal Service’s importance at a time when traveling long distances was becoming more important  but remained difficult and largely unaffordable for many Americans. Perhaps even more importantly, noted Ms. Pope, the practice indicated how the Postal Service in general, and especially its letter carriers had become â€Å"a touchstone with family and friends far away from each other, a bearer of important news and goods. In some ways, Americans trusted their postmen with their lives.† Certainly, mailing your baby took a lot of​ plain old  trust. The End of Baby Mail The Post Office Department officially put a stop to â€Å"baby mail† in 1915, after postal regulations barring the mailing of human beings enacted the year before were finally enforced. Even today, postal regulations allow the  mailing of live animals, including poultry, reptiles, and bees, under certain conditions. But no more babies, please. About the Photographs As you can imagine, the practice of â€Å"mailing† children, usually at costs far lower than regular train fare, drew considerable notoriety, leading to the taking of the two photographs shown here. According to Pope, both photos were staged for publicity purposes and there are no records of a child actually being delivered in a mail pouch. The photos are two of the most popular among the extensive Smithsonian Photographs on Flicker photo collection.